The named ranks
Sanyaku literally means “three ranks” and traditionally refers to Komusubi, Sekiwake, and Ozeki. In everyday modern discussion, Yokozuna is often grouped with them when people contrast the named ranks with Maegashira.
Sanyaku wrestlers occupy the top of the banzuke and usually face the strongest available schedules. A wrestler does not move through these ranks by a simple ladder. Komusubi and Sekiwake positions depend on both results and available places, while promotion to Ozeki requires a sustained run of strong tournaments.
The term is also useful when reading statistics. A record “against sanyaku,” for example, describes results against the upper named ranks rather than against a separate division.